POST 14* OUTSOURCING/OFFSHORING

First of all, this is a cartoon drawn by St Louis Post. There are 3 characters in an island: " Cayman Islands." 2 of them are sitting on the boat which is called "Believin In America" and the other one is standing in front of them next to them with a box full of money.
We can guess tha the main character is Mitt Romney because of the name written on the box. He is an American politician and businessman who was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election. And his gran-children because they are calling him "granpa."
The situation is very ironic because Romney is telling his gran-children how to keep their money in other to become richer and to not paying taxes. To this, he explain that you have to offshore. The others characters are looking at him with admiration and replies that he's "so smart" and that he should be the president. The cartoon criticize and satirize of the American politicians because of the name of the boat first of all "believin in America" and  then because he's getting himself his money away from the country. We can also see two others countries: Bermuda and Switerzland. 
To counclude it criticize also the hypocrisie and the selfishness of rich people which always want to get more and more money.






The second cartoon is about outsourcing. We can see 2 characters one is explaining to the other that they have to move to another country and when he asks why, the character answered that the workers wanted to get paid as if it was something not normal.
This cartoon shows another way to "save" money from the economy. But this time it is about the non-respect of human rights and the explotation of poor people in poor countries. So it criticize the fact that they prefer to "abuse" of the workers who didn't have workers right's in other to paye them much less and have more money. 
It shows the hypocrisie of the US which take profit offshoring and outsourcing to keep their money to themself and to steal money from other poor countries. 

We can relate these cartoons with the notion spaces and exchanges. In fact,we can notice that the money is been carry from a country to another. There is an economical exchange.

*POST 13: EXCHANGES IN REAL/PHYSICAL SPACES

1.INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION

Immigration is the movement of people into a country to which they are not native in order to settle there, especially as permanent residents or future citizens.

2.MIXED/HYBRID LANGUAGES

A mixed language is a language that arises through the fusion of usually two source languages, normally in situations of thorough bilingualism.Furthermore, a mixed language may mark the appearance of a new ethnic or cultural group.

 HUMAN INTERACTION/INTERDEPENDENCE

In relationships, interdependence is the degree to which members of the group are mutually dependent on the others. This concept differs from a dependent relationship, where some members are dependent and some are not.
In an interdependent relationship, participants may be emotionally, economically, ecologically and/or morally reliant on and responsible to each other.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS

Technology transfer, also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring skills, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among governments or universities and other institutions to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users who can then further develop and exploit the technology into new products, processes, applications, materials or services. It is related to knowledge transfer.

 OUTSOURCING/OFFSHORING

In business, outsourcing involves the contracting out of a business process to another party (compare business process outsourcing). The term "outsourcing" dates back to at least 1981. Outsourcing sometimes involves transferring employees and assets from one firm to another, but not always. Outsourcing is also the practice of handing over control of public services to for-profit corporations.

And Offshoring is the relocation, by a company, of a business process from one country to another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting processes, such as accounting. 


BRAIN DRAIN

Human capital flight is an Economics term equivalent to the Sociology term, brain drain, which refers to the emigration of intelligent, well-educated individuals to somewhere for better pay or conditions, causing the place they came from to lose those skilled people, or "brains." Typically, emigrating brains have learned English and have moved to the United Kingdom, the US or some other English-speaking country. An example is Albert Einstein. Brain drain is common in developing nations, particularly in former African colonies of the United Kingdom, the island nations of the Caribbean, and in centralized economies such as the former East Germany and the Soviet Union. China and India have recently been discovered to be at the top of the list of countries with skilled students of English leaving.

INTERNATIONAL/GLOBALIZED TRADE


International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road, Salt road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. It is the presupposition of international trade that a sufficient level of geopolitical peace and stability are prevailing in order to allow for the peaceful exchange of trade and commerce to take place between nations.




MASS/SUSTAINABLE/ECO TOURISM



Mass tourism developed with improvements in technology, which allowed the transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time to places of leisure interest, so that greater numbers of people could begin to enjoy the benefits of leisure time

Sustainable tourism is the concept of visiting a place as a tourist and trying to make only a positive impact on the environment, society and economy. Tourism can involve primary transportation to the general location, local transportation, accommodations, entertainment, recreation, nourishment and shopping. It can be related to travel for leisure, business and what is called VFR (visiting friends and relatives) There is now broad consensus that tourism development should be sustainable; however, the question of how to achieve this remains an object of debate.

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial (mass) tourism. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for human rights.

 HUMAN SMUGGLING/TRAFFICKING

Human trafficking is the modern form of slavery, with illegal smuggling and trading of people, for forced labor or sexual exploitation.

Trafficking is officially defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by means of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of power of a position of vulnerability for the purpose of exploitation.Human trafficking is not synonymous with forced migration or smuggling.

People smuggling (also called human smuggling) is "the facilitation, transportation, attempted transportation or illegal entry of a person or persons across an international border, in violation of one or more countries' laws, either clandestinely or through deception, such as the use of fraudulent documents  The term is understood as and often used interchangeably with migrant smuggling, which is defined by the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime as "...the procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a state party of which the person is not a national".

 ARMS TRADE/TRAFFICKING

The arms industry is a global business that manufactures weapons and military technology and equipment. It consists of commercial industry involved in research, development, production, and the service of military material, equipment, and facilities. Arms producing companies, also referred to as defense contractors or military industry, produce arms mainly for the armed forces of states.

Arms trafficking, also known as gunrunning, is the illegal trafficking or smuggling of contraband weapons or ammunition. What constitutes legal trade in firearms varies widely, depending on local and national laws.

 ILLEGAL DRUG TRADE

Drug dealing is the exchange of illegal drugs for payment. The illegal drug trade is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs that are subject to drug prohibition laws. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade, except under license, of many types of drugs through the use of drug prohibition laws

RURAL-URBAN/URBAN-RURAL MIGRATION

Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. It predominantly results in the physical growth of urban areas, be it horizontal or vertical. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008. It is predicted that by 2050 about 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized.

UPWARD SOCIAL/GEOGRAPHIC MOBILITY

Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. It is a change in social status relative to others' social location within a given society.

Geographic mobility is the measure of how populations move over time. Geographic mobility, population mobility, or more simply mobility is also a statistic that measures migration within a population. Commonly used in demography and human geography, it may also be used to describe the movement of animals between populations. These moves can be as large scale as international migrations or as small as regional commuting arrangements. Geographic mobility has a large impact on many sociological factors in a community and is a current topic of academic research. It varies between different regions depending on both formal policies and established social norms, and has different effects and responses in different societies. Population mobility has implications ranging from administrative changes in government and impacts on local economic growth to housing markets and demand for regional services.

.

 RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS/AID AGENCIES 

Relief organizations are organization that provides aid for people in need, esp in disaster areas

An aid agency is an organisation dedicated to distributing aid. Many professional aid organisations exist, both within government (e.g. AusAID, USAID, DFID,EuropeAid, ECHO), between governments as multilateral donors (e.g. UNDP) and as private voluntary organizations (or non-governmental organisations, (e.g.ActionAid, Ducere Foundation, Oxfam, World Vision). The International Committee of the Red Cross is unique in being mandated by international treaty to uphold the Geneva Conventions.

Aid can be subdivided into two categories: humanitarian aid (emergency relief efforts, e.g. in response to natural disasters), and development aid (or foreign aid), aimed at helping countries to achieve long-term sustainable economic growth, with the aim of achieving poverty reduction

STUDENT EXCHANGE PROGRAMS

A student exchange program is a program in which students from a secondary school or university study abroad at one of their institution's partner institutions. A student exchange program may involve international travel, but does not necessarily require the student to study outside of his or her home country. For example, the National Student Exchange program (NSE) offers placements throughout the United States and Canada.

 GLOBAL CITIES/GLOBAL CULTURAL EVENTS

A global city, also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city generally considered to be an important node in the global economic system. The concept comes from geography and urban studies and rests on the idea that globalization can be understood as largely created, facilitated, and enacted in strategic geographic locales according to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of the global system of finance and trade.

GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming and climate change can both refer to the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects, although climate change can also refer to any historic change in climate. Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. More than 90% of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming; the remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere.

#POST 12: School shootings in the USA

This website is about school shootings and more particulary about the Columbine High School massacre in 1999. It's is written and maintained by C. Shepard.And i'ts about the massacre, what happened during,before and after.The author start with this webside because she was not satisfied by what the medias were saying and she wanted to find the true in orther to write the real story.At the moment she start researching informations,facts and fight against school violence.
What I find more interesting is that she knows nothing about the victims, or the shooters but she still fighting for the truth.
As far as i'am concern i think that it is very brave to go through rumours and what the medias want you to see. Finally it help the family of the victims and all the people that are concern to know the truth and probably it can help them to move on from this broken situation.
What I also find really interesting is the variety of informations that you can find in the webside. In fact, there are lot of informations about the vicitms,the shooters(we have some informations about the life of one of them and also about his personal thoughts which is very tragic and interesting at the same time),the event.It's very complete and it makes you understand very well what happened.

A photo of Jessica Holliday along with other students of Columbine High
fleeing the school was turned into a cover for Newsweek later that same month.

Teens wait anxiously outside of Columbine, fearing for those still inside.

Teachers runing away from the school.

The memorial of the victims.

The 2 movies that best deals with the issue are : Elephant by Gus Van Sant and Zero day by Ben Coccio. First of all, Elephant is based on the point of view of someone the shooters let go before the killing starts. I find it very interesting because it can represent the survivors, those who were absent by chance.We never know what can happened in life. I'ts just about moment, about situation.  People didn't really know about the Columbine before theses films.How survivors must feel when they escape to this tragic event?  It shows the weakness and the impotence of  human being in the face of death. 

Secondly Zero day it shows the preparation of these attack and this film has a scene that was shot in the style of a security camera and shows students being shot in the library. So, it reinforces "the real", the impression to watch the Columbine High School massacre. It's a way to sensitize more people and make them feel more concern, in other to react. People could be more shocked if the movie is inspire from a true story. 

Both of this films came out around the same time and caused a lot of confusion in viewers.

The most common reasons for the recurrence shootings in the USA are because the shooters want to get back at  those who have hurt them, make fun of them or bully them.The school shooter is always a loner. It can also be because they have problems at home or mental problems. But it is first of all acording to me because they have an easy access to guns.

POST 11- THE US GUN CULTURE

1.  Both posters are from the same campaign : "Brady campaign". The slogan is:"To prevent gun violence".
And there is also a website to join this battle: www.bradycampaign.org.
After the second constitution laws were applied to authorize the bears of arms for the security of the free State.
The Brady Campaign supports a policy platform that addresses the problem of gun violence and is driven by the opportunity to save the most lives.There are over 300 million guns in America.
These tragic deaths occur because of the weapons culture. In fact guns are integrated in the US culture.
The gun has the US flag in colours and is more modern than the poster of 2004 which is in black and white and seems to have been drawn. 
We can also see that in 2004 11.344 people were murdered by guns in the US while recently the number is lower (9.484). Besides, they have incresead in Canada and England and Wales.
The moto "God bless America" is very ironic.
Robert Lafayette Frye which was an educator and politician from the U.S. state of Louisiana sends a worried message about the absence of control of guns in his country.
This violence is part of the society.
For example, in 1999 two teenage boys at Columbine High school near Denver massacred 12 students and a teacher.
How can they manage to avoid that? Could they forbid guns after so much time?

2.

 The first graph is about gun murders compared by countries. We can see that compared to the other undevelopped countries such as Honduras, El Salvador,Guattemala, United States is 26th.
But i'ts important to add that the US is suposed to be"The best country of the world, very modern,with the best constitution,free etc..." and that countries like Honduras or El Salvador still be developing countries where violence and gangs are omnipresent. How can we compare the leading world power to the other countries?
On the other hand US is the first developed country so far compared to Norway,Australia,Canada to have the higher number of gun murder.
Which is quite contradictory and reflect a struggle in the US culture.

3.

This cartoon criticize the congress toward the gun culture in the United States. We can see two caracters in front of the Capitol. One represent the Gun Lobby and the other one the congress and the Gun Lobby is giving to the congress a lot of money.They are both smiling,which is very caricatural and ironic.The blood in the stair symbolize the fact that they have been shootings in the congress. The cartoonist criticize the access to guns, and the violence of this topic. And of course the government which is more interrested by the money than the blood.

4.

In this cartoon there are two parts. On the left, a statue which represent the second amendment we can see a soldier holding a gun and one the left a "parody" of this statue with a member of the National Rifle Association who have many guns and who is standing on munition. One looks proud while the other looks more anxious. This cartoon obviously criticize the fact that the second amendment have giving to the population of USA the right to bear arms and not to protect themselfs  anymore because this right have become a danger. It also criticize the NRA which had taking profit and made a buisness of the gun culture. 

#POST 10 BIS: TATTOOS & GANGS

First of all, tattoos has become a way of live especially to our generation and for the youth. There are many reason, it depends of the person who dit it but generally it’s because they want to be part of a group. That’s why those who belong to gangs are wearing them. It’s to be accepted , it’s to show your values, your power,your influence.

That’s the darker side of the tattoos and the fact that you can’t remove them (sometimes completely) of your body is the worst. People are « stuck » in these way of life, because of the psycological consequences and of the tattoos too because everyday it reminds them their past,their dark side.

In other hand Tattoos are seen as a form of self-expression, a way to show our individuality and the unique aspects of ourselves. To me they can be considered as a form of art because some of them are very well design, and people can work on them for years until they find the perfect drawing. Or for others they represent a part of their life, it can symbolize something very important for us,very deep. Even if there is a big disadvantage, their are forever on their skin and life is very long…

Of course , it had become also very popular and fashion.

So young people join gangs because of reasons like poverty,domestic violence,it can be the absence of autority, because they are hopeless,they have nothing to loose, they feel alone and the gangs are like a « Family »,It can be because they want to be protected, because they need something, money,to prouve themselfs something etc… Gangs are really hard.

These topics can be related with the notion of power because gangs are a way of manipulation, In fact somebody exercises a form of power on you.The fear, the violence are a very powerfull form of power which control the masses. 

And the tattoos also because they are finally a part of you, of your body it's a way to control people too, to make them "belong" to something.

#POST 9- Free post

In a world where everybody claims the freedom, Where one want the other adhere to our ideas. Human egoism, mixture, ignorance, incomprehension, madness. How is it still possible that after so much time are society hasn't changed in any kind of way? Centuries after centuries freedom of speech has been defended and fought at the risk of millions of life. If religion is the opium of the people, today they overdose.

Dread, cowardice, obscurantism, savagery, violence. How far can we go? For whom? Who are we? Sophisticated creatures capable of unconditional prowess? Or at the opposite, hybrid beasts, savage and controlled by its instincts? Against whom am I fighting today? A nation, a population, the entire world? Am I dead because my pen has grazed the paper?

Even though I'm not here anymore, I continue to live thanks to those who believe within me, thanks to those who fought, thanks to the voices which amounted, to the tears that flowed but also thanks to the democracy, the freedom, an idea, an emotion or even a smile.

I come from all the places of the world. I am those who have no rights, those that suffers in silence. I am the revolutionary thought, I am the hope, the progress, the change, the fight, the cries of despair, the courage, the bravery and the unity.I am also a muslim and I was shot in the name of God. However, we have the same religion. I died from a bullet in the head because did comedy.

I killed 12 people and injured an other 66 billion, but after all, I will be forgiven once arrived in heaven.

Idealism, utopianism? Is it still possible to dream of a world in which racial, religious or even sexual differences would be a source of wealth and not a source of conflict? In which madmen wouldn't blow themselves up in the name of ancestral legends? In which tolerance would be stronger than hate?

Today, tomorrow and all the days to come, I am Charlie. I am the peace, the solidarity, the love, the freedom of speech.

"I'd rather die standing than kneeling"

"So they killed Charlie? No. They missed their target. Charlie will live thanks to his readers, Charlie will live in spirit thanks to all of us. We all are Charlie"

"It was only pencil strokes, not gunshots"

"I do not know whether God exists or not but if does well I hope he has a good excuse"

POST 8 TIM BURTON

Tim Burton was __born______in 1958, in the city of Burbank, ___California_________.
He remains without question one of the _____most___ original film ___maker_____ working in ________cinema____ today.

 Indeed, his talent and originality have kept him at the ________ of the profession where he occupies a very special place, somewhere ____between_______ the mainstream and the avant-garde, in that region of cinema occupied by artists ______ worldview is _______ unconventional that it attains popular appeal.

In 1989, Tim Burton directed the hugely ______famous known____ Batman which, although his _______ personal film, was one of the most __famous__________ movies of all time and gave him unprecedented ___________ in Hollywood, considering the originality and adventurousness of his ____________ films (for ____example_____ Beetlejuice in 1988).

Edward Scissorhands (1990), another hit, saw him at the peak of his ________ powers and established a fruitful working ________in collaboration_____ with __the actor_________ Johnny Depp who played in his 2005 film _____________of Roald Dahl’s book Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and who became one of his most esteemed __partnership________since their first film together.

In 1992, Batman Returns was a __more_____ darker film than the original, a reflection of how much ____________ freedom Tim Burton had won (___producers____ Warner Bros were reputedly unhappy with the final result).
And even _______if__ Ed Wood (1994), his loving ___________ to the life and work of the legendary ‘Worst Director of All Time’ Edward D. Wood, Jr., was a box-office disaster, it got some of the best _____critics______ of Burton’s career.

In fact, Tim Burton is ___known_____  both for his dark, quirky-themed ____films_______like Sleepy Hollow, Corpse Bride, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, or Dark Shadows (2012) and for ____________  such as Pee-Wee's Big Adventure, Batman, Planet of the Apes, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Alice in Wonderland (2010), one of his most  __famous______ films, which became the fifth highest-grossing film of all ___times____.

Burton has ______created_____ 18 feature films as of 2014, and has _________ 12 as of 2012  (among which the very nice ____________ tale called The  Nightmare Before ____christmas___________ in 1993).

All in all, Tim Burton’s films consistently challenge the spectator’s ___________, push forward the ____________ of filmmaking and bring to life previously unthinkable _____character_______ (like Edward Scissorhands).

Taken as a whole, his work ____________ on the confrontation ____________ the fantastic and the _____________, and the consequences of these two worlds intermingling.

Big Fish, Burton’s 2003 effort, is no different. And ______, somehow, it is not really the
_________.
On the surface, it would appear to have all the ___________ of a classic Burton film: a magic screenplay, fairy-tale characters, flights of imagination, forces of nature ( _as____ well __as_____ the supernatural), far-fetched situations and vastly imaginative visual style and imagery. The movie is, in fact, ________ packed with fanciful episodes that it begins to feel ____like_______ a loose adaptation of The Odyssey, told from the mouth of an aging character named Ed Bloom, a story-__________ and dreamer who sees the world with beautiful eyes.